I Stockholm muri Sweden, kuri uyu wa mbere tariki 4 Ukwakira, umu-physiologiste w’umwongereza Robert G. Edwards w’imyaka 85 y’amavuko, yahawe prix Nobel 2011 y’ubuganga. Uyu mukambwe wavumbuye fécondation in vitro azwiho kuba yarabashije guha igisubizo cyo kubyara ku ngo zaburiye urubyaro mu nzira zisanzwe aho umugabo atera inda umugore.
Mu myaka ya za 1950, Edwards yatangiye imirimo ye y’ubushakashatsi kuri fécondation in vitro. Afatanyije na mugenzi we Patrick Sheptoe , Edwards ni bo bantu ba mbere babashije kubyarira umuntu mu kirahure, atabyawe n’umugore nkuko bisanzwe, aha hakaba hari tariki 25 Nyakanga 1978. Uyu mwana w’umukobwa waje kwitwa Louise Brown akaba ari mwene Lesley na John Brown, bari bamaze imyaka irenga icyenda barabuze urubyaro kubera ko imiyoborantanga ya Lesley yari ifunze.
Nguyu Louise Brown ku myaka 32 ari kumwe n'umuhungu we Cameron yabyaye mu nzira zisanzwe.
Kuva icyo gihe, abana bagera kuri miliyoni enye bamaze kuvuka bihereye ku mirimo yakozwe n’uyu mukambwe Edwards. Gukomeza gutera imbere k’ubuganga kwatumye muri iki gihe hagati ya 20% na 30% by’abana bagerageza kubyarirwa mu kirahure, bavuka neza ndetse nyuma bakazanagira ubuzima busanzwe nk’ubw’abandi bana bavuka mu nzira zisanzwe.
Fabrice KWIZERA